Rectal cancer can be a life-changing diagnosis, but advances in medical science now provide multiple treatment options beyond traditional surgery. Many patients seek information on rectal cancer treatment without surgery, aiming for effective cancer control while minimising invasiveness. In this article, we explore the alternatives, including emerging procedures like Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS), non-surgical therapies, and how to make informed decisions about your treatment journey.
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Understanding Rectal Cancer and Treatment Options
Rectal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in the rectum, the final section of the large intestine. Early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. Traditionally, surgical removal of the tumour has been the mainstay of treatment, but surgery may not always be suitable due to medical risks, patient preference, or tumour location.
Non-surgical approaches can be considered in certain cases, particularly for early-stage tumours or patients with medical conditions that make surgery risky. These include:
- Radiotherapy – Uses targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumours. Often combined with chemotherapy (chemoradiation) for increased effectiveness.
- Chemotherapy – Systemic treatment using anti-cancer drugs to stop cancer cell growth. It may be used alone or alongside radiotherapy.
- Local excision techniques – Minimally invasive procedures to remove tumours without extensive surgery. TAMIS (Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery) falls under this category.
TAMIS: A Minimally Invasive Approach
While Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) involves surgical removal, it is significantly less invasive than conventional rectal surgery. TAMIS allows surgeons to access and remove early rectal tumours through the anus using specialised instruments, avoiding abdominal incisions. Benefits include:
- Faster recovery times.
- Reduced hospital stay.
- Minimal impact on bowel function.
- Lower risk of complications compared to traditional surgery
TAMIS is particularly suitable for small, early-stage rectal cancers, often allowing patients to avoid more extensive surgery. Even when considering non-surgical treatment options, TAMIS may be recommended for patients who need tumour removal but want to avoid invasive procedures.
Who Can Consider Rectal Cancer Treatment Without Surgery?
Non-surgical treatment options may be suitable for:
- Patients with early-stage rectal cancer detected through screening.
- Individuals with comorbidities that increase surgical risks.
- Patients seeking alternatives to major abdominal surgery.
- Those who have tumours in locations accessible by minimally invasive approaches.
A multidisciplinary evaluation involving oncologists, colorectal surgeons, and radiologists is essential to determine the best approach for each patient.
Costs of Non-Surgical Rectal Cancer Treatment in Singapore
Treatment costs vary depending on the modality chosen:
- Radiotherapy alone: Approximately S$25,000 – S$30,000 depending on the number of sessions needed.
- Chemotherapy: Around S$ 1,500 per cycle.
Disclaimer: Costs stated above are estimates. Actual costs may vary depending on several factors.
Advantages and Considerations of Non-Surgical Treatment
Advantages
- Avoidance of major surgery and general anaesthesia.
- Preservation of bowel function and quality of life.
Considerations
- Not all rectal cancers are suitable for non-surgical management.
- Risk of recurrence may be higher in certain cases.
- Close follow-up and regular colonoscopies are essential.
Specialists You May Consider
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Dr Henry Tan Chor Lip 陈楚立医生
Dr Chong Choon Seng 张峻诚医生
[SG] Featured Doctor
For inquiries or for an introduction to a specialist colorectal surgeon or oncologist, contact us below.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can rectal cancer be completely cured without surgery?
Yes, in selected early-stage cases, non-surgical treatments like chemoradiation can be curative. However, long-term outcomes depend on tumour stage, location, and patient factors.
2. What is TAMIS and is it considered surgery?
TAMIS is a minimally invasive technique to remove tumours through the anus. While technically a surgical procedure, it is far less invasive than traditional surgery and may be suitable for patients seeking alternatives.
3. How long is recovery after non-surgical or minimally invasive treatments?
Recovery varies: radiotherapy and chemotherapy have fewer immediate physical effects than surgery, but patients may experience fatigue or gastrointestinal symptoms. TAMIS recovery is typically 1–2 weeks.
4. Are there risks with non-surgical treatment?
Yes. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy may cause side effects such as bowel irritation, fatigue, and nausea. TAMIS carries risks of bleeding or infection, though these are generally lower than traditional surgery.
5. How do I know if I am suitable for non-surgical options?
A colorectal specialist or oncologist in Singapore can evaluate your tumour stage, overall health, and personal preferences to recommend the safest and most effective approach.
Disclaimer: 365Asia aims to provide accurate and up-to-date information, our contents do not constitute medical or any professional advice. If medical advice is required, please consult a licensed healthcare professional. Patient stories are for general reading. They are based on third-party information and have not been independently verified.